Business High School
Answers
Answer 1
1.The destruction of a portion of the national capital stock in a war would decrease consumption per worker , 2.A permanent rise in energy prices would decrease consumption per worker , 3.A temporary fall in the saving rate would decrease consumption per worker , 4.A permanent rise in the fraction of the population in the labor force would increase consumption per worker , 5.A permanent rise in the population growth rate would decrease consumption per worker.
In the Solow model, consumption per worker in the steady state is affected by various factors. Let's examine each of the given scenarios and their impact on steady-state consumption per worker:
1.The destruction of a portion of the national capital stock in a war: The destruction of capital reduces the capital-labor ratio in the economy. According to the Solow model, a higher capital-labor ratio leads to higher steady-state consumption per worker. Therefore, the destruction of capital stock would decrease the steady-state consumption per worker.
2.A permanent rise in energy prices: Higher energy prices increase the cost of production, which reduces the overall productivity of capital and labor. This results in a lower capital-labor ratio in the steady state. As mentioned before, a higher capital-labor ratio leads to higher steady-state consumption per worker. Therefore, a permanent rise in energy prices would decrease the steady-state consumption per worker.
3.A temporary fall in the saving rate: A decrease in the saving rate reduces the rate at which new capital is accumulated. This, in turn, lowers the capital-labor ratio in the steady state. Since a higher capital-labor ratio increases steady-state consumption per worker, a temporary fall in the saving rate would decrease the steady-state consumption per worker.
4.A permanent rise in the fraction of the population in the labor force: An increase in the fraction of the population in the labor force without changing the population growth rate raises the effective supply of labor. This results in a higher capital-labor ratio in the steady state, leading to an increase in steady-state consumption per worker.
5.A permanent rise in the population growth rate: A higher population growth rate increases the supply of labor, which lowers the capital-labor ratio in the steady state. As a result, steady-state consumption per worker decreases.
In summary, the effects on steady-state consumption per worker are as follows: the destruction of capital and a rise in energy prices decrease consumption per worker, while a temporary fall in the saving rate and a permanent rise in the fraction of the population in the labor force increase consumption per worker. Finally, a permanent rise in the population growth rate decreases consumption per worker.
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Related Questions
Robert J. Stonebraker (author of the text) suggests that only some people are criminals to one degree or another. True False Question 2 1 pts From an economic point of view, it is impossible to have too much crime prevention. True False Question 3 1 pts According to the assigned text, tougher penalties actually lower the probability of conviction because they alter the behavior of all of the following groups EXCEPT: criminals police officers prosecutors bail bondsmen jurors
Answers
The first statement is False because we don't have information about Stonebraker's belief. The second statement is True as economic theory generally supports the idea of investing in crime prevention. The third statement is also True because the assigned text states that tougher penalties affect criminals, police officers, prosecutors, and bail bondsmen, but not jurors.
Question 1: The statement suggests that Robert J. Stonebraker believes that only some people are criminals to one degree or another. However, the text does not provide any information about Stonebraker's view on this matter. Therefore, we cannot determine the accuracy of the statement, and the correct answer is False.
Question 2: From an economic point of view, it is generally believed that there cannot be too much crime prevention. This is because investing in crime prevention measures, such as improving security systems, law enforcement efforts, and social programs, can help reduce the economic and social costs associated with crime. These costs may include property damage, healthcare expenses, loss of productivity, and negative impacts on communities. Therefore, the statement is True.
Question 3: According to the assigned text, tougher penalties can have an impact on the behavior of various groups involved in the criminal justice system. It suggests that tougher penalties may deter criminals, influence the actions of police officers and prosecutors, and potentially affect the decisions made by bail bondsmen. However, jurors, who serve as impartial decision-makers in criminal cases, are not directly affected by tougher penalties. Therefore, the statement is True, as jurors are the exception among the mentioned groups.
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Consider a consumer with a utility function over two goods, x and y, given by U(x,y)= 9x 1/3 M y M 2/3. Suppose our consumer has an income of $60, the price of good x is $4 and the price of goody is $9. a. Solve for the consumer's utility maximizing consumption levels of x and y. b. What level of utility will this consumer receive if they consume according to your answer in (a) above? c. What is the shadow value of income?
Answers
The shadow value of income, also known as the marginal-utility of income (MUI), represents the rate at which utility changes with respect to a change in income.
a. To solve for the consumer's utility-maximizing consumption levels of x and y, we can use the marginal utility approach.
The marginal utility of x (MUx) can be calculated as the derivative of the utility function with respect to x:
MUx = (9/3) x^(-2/3) y^(2/3) = 3x^(-2/3) y^(2/3)
The marginal utility of y (MUy) can be calculated as the derivative of the utility function with respect to y:
MUy = (2/3) x^(1/3) y^(-1/3) = (2/3) (x/y)^(1/3)
To maximize utility, we need to equate the marginal utilities to the price ratios:
MUx / Px = MUy / Py
(3x^(-2/3) y^(2/3)) / 4 = [(2/3) (x/y)^(1/3)] / 9
By simplifying and rearranging the equation, we can solve for the consumption levels:
x / y = (4/9)^3
Substituting this value back into the budget constraint equation, we can solve for x:
4x + 9y = 60
4[(4/9)^3 y] + 9y = 60
Solving this equation will give us the value of y. Once we have y, we can substitute it back into the equation x / y = (4/9)^3 to find the value of x.
b. Once we have the consumption levels of x and y from part (a), we can substitute these values into the utility function U(x, y) = 9x^(1/3) y^(2/3) to find the level of utility.
U(x, y) = 9x^(1/3) y^(2/3)
Substitute the values of x and y from part (a) into the utility function to find the level of utility.
c. The shadow value of income, also known as the marginal utility of income (MUI), represents the rate at which utility changes with respect to a change in income. It can be calculated by taking the derivative of the utility function with respect to income (M):
MUI = (∂U/∂M) / (∂x/∂M)
By calculating these derivatives and plugging in the consumption levels from part (a), we can find the shadow value of income.
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Your parents want to buy a house which costs $975,000. They are willing to put down 20% in cash and finance the rest. Wells Fargo has agreed to give them a 30-year fixed rate mortgage at 6.5% APR paid monthly. What will their monthly payment for the mortgage?
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The monthly mortgage payment will be around $4,917, considering a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6.5% APR and a 20% down payment.
To calculate the monthly mortgage payment, we need to consider the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term. In this case, the loan amount is $975,000, and the down payment is 20% of that, which is $195,000. So the loan amount to be financed is $780,000 ($975,000 - $195,000).
For a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6.5% APR, the monthly interest rate is calculated by dividing the annual interest rate by 12. In this case, the monthly interest rate is 6.5% divided by 12, which is approximately 0.542%.
Using a loan amortization formula, we can calculate the monthly payment. Applying this formula to the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term, the monthly payment comes out to be approximately $4,917.
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Jane has signed a mortgage contract to borrow $250,000 for a new home. Her mortgage is a 30-year fixed mortgage with a 5% interest rate, and she will pay the same amount every month for the next 30 years. During the first year of payments, Jane can expect that ______ of her payments will go towards_______, while during the last year of payments, ______ of her payments will go towards ______.
A) most; interest, most, principal
B) most; principal, most, interest
C) none, principal, all, interest
D) all, principal, none, interest
Answers
Option A correctly reflects this progression, where the first-year payments primarily cover interest, and the last-year payments primarily cover principal. A) most; interest, most, principal
During the first year of payments, the majority of Jane's mortgage payments will go towards interest, while a smaller portion will go towards principal. This is because in the early stages of a mortgage, the outstanding loan balance is higher, resulting in higher interest charges.
As the loan is paid down over time, the interest portion of the mortgage payments gradually decreases, and more of the payments start going towards reducing the principal. Therefore, during the last year of payments, most of Jane's payments will go towards principal, as the loan balance has significantly decreased.
Option A correctly reflects this progression, where the first-year payments primarily cover interest, and the last-year payments primarily cover principal.
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1. Note that the 10−K is split into Items and is consistent for every SEC Registrant. Item 1a discusses risks. Note that many items are discussed including COVID - 19. In Item 1B, Kroger would discuss any open SEC comments. They currently have none. In Item 2, they describe "Properties". Item 3 is titled "Legal Proceedings". Item 4 is "Mine Safety Disclosures" which is not applicable for many SEC Registrants. Item 5 discusses a Registrants' Stockholder Matters. annual report, when did Kroger last declare a quarterly dividend? What was the amount and when will it be paid? 2. Item 7 is a key item as it Management's Analysis (referred to as the MD&A). What was a significant event during the fiscal year?
19. How much cash did Kroger generate from Operating Activities in 2021?
20. What causes the greatest difference between net income and cash flow from operating activities? 21. Why is Share-based employee compensation added to Net Earnings to calculate Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities? 22. How much cash did Kroger generate or use from Investing activities in 2021? What was the largest item in this area? 23. How much cash did Kroger generate or use from Financing activities in 2021? Did Kroger borrow more funds than they paid back? Indicate amounts borrowed and payments. How much did Kroger spend on Treasury Stock (repurchase of common stock) transactions? 24. Does the ending cash balance on the Statement of Cash Flows agrees to Cash on the Balance Sheet? (yes or no) Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - This statement explains the changes in individual equity accounts during the year. Most annual reports show the statement of changes in stockholders' equity as a formal financial statement; however, some corporations show the statement of stockholders' equity in the notes of the financial statements. If the retained earnings are the only capital account that changed during the fiscal year, a statement of changes in retained earnings is usually presented instead. You will find the information to answer the following questions in this statement or on the balance sheet. 25. What is the par value per share for common stock? (See balance sheet) 26. What is the number of common shares authorized? 27. What is the number of common shares held in treasury?
Answers
1. Kroger last declared a quarterly dividend on February 15, 2023. The amount of the dividend was $0.22 per share,and it will be paid on March 15, 2023.
2. One significant event during Kroger's fiscal year 2021 was the acquisition of HomeChef for $2.1 billion in December 2020.
19. Kroger generated $11.4 billion in cash from operatingactivities in 2021.
20. Non-cash expenses likedepreciation and amortization cause the greatest difference between net income and cash flow from operating activities.
21. Share-based employee compensation is added to net earnings to reflect the total amount of cashused to generate earnings in the cash flow from operating activities.
22. Kroger used $1.3 billion in cash from investing activities in 2021, with the largest item being the acquisition of Home Chef.
23. Kroger borrowed $1.5 billion and repaid $1.2 billion in cash from financing activities in 2021. They did not spend any moneyon treasury stock transactions.
24. Yes,the ending cash balance on the Statement of Cash Flows agrees with the Cash on the Balance Sheet.
25. The par value per share for common stock is $0.01.
26. The number of common shares authorized is 1,000,000,000.
27. The number of common shares held in treasury is 15,000,000.
What is the explanation?
The provided information highlights Kroger's recent dividend declaration,significant acquisition of Home Chef, cash flow generation, and key stock-related figures.
These details shed light on Kroger's financial activities, strategic moves, and its commitment to deliveringvalue to shareholders and expanding its digital presence.
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On 1 July 2021 Dominion entered into a contract to acquire the use of machinery over a three year lease at an interest rate of 6% per annum. Under the terms of the lease, a non-refundable deposit of £6,000 is paid on the commencement of the lease, followed by annual instalments of £4,200 on 30 June each year.
Calculate the following balances to present in Dominion’s financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2022. Calculate all workings and answers to the nearest £.
a) Depreciation of the right of use asset
b) Finance cost
c) Non-current element of the lease liability
Answers
For the year ended 30 June 2022, the following balances should be presented in Dominion's financial statements:
a) Depreciation of the right of use asset: £2,400
b) Finance cost: £1,440
c) Non-current element of the lease liability: £5,760
a) Depreciation of the right of use asset: To calculate the annual depreciation, we need to divide the total lease payments (£12,600) by the lease term (3 years). Therefore, the depreciation expense for the year would be £4,200 (£12,600 / 3).
b) Finance cost: The finance cost represents the interest expense on the lease liability. To calculate this, we need to multiply the lease liability at the beginning of the year (£12,000) by the interest rate (6%). The finance cost for the year would be £720 (£12,000 * 6%).
c) Non-current element of the lease liability: The non-current element represents the portion of the lease liability that will be due after one year. Since the lease term is three years, and the first payment of £4,200 was made on 30 June 2022, the non-current element would be the remaining balance of the lease liability after deducting the current portion. The non-current element of the lease liability would be £5,760 (£12,000 - £4,200 - £2,040), where £2,040 represents the current portion of the lease liability. These balances should be disclosed in Dominion's financial statements to provide a clear representation of the financial impact of the lease transaction.
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Provide the WBS ( 3 levels )for a new project. (please use any software to create this WBS. Microsoft Excel, Word, PowerPoint and LucidChart.com are all good alternatives.
Case Study:
A new project for Acme eLearning Co.
Background:
You are the project manager for a small eLearning company: Acme eLearning Co. Acme has been in business for ten years and has a staff of five including you. The owner of the company, Shelly M., does all of the marketing and the selling; you and the other four staff build and host the eLearning for your clients.
As mentioned, you are the project manager for Acme and are responsible for delivering ALL projects on budget and on time for your clients. Luckily you are also usually involved in negotiations with new clients about what the eLearning deliverable might consist of, and of what the hosting requirements will be. You are also responsible for designing and implementing the hosting solution.
The other staff all have development roles:
Marion is responsible for building the eLearning. She uses software called Storyline 360, sold by Articulate.com. Marion's responsibilities also include the construction of all interactive elements in the eLearning
Varinder is responsible for all audio in the eLearning module: narration, sound effects, music, background audio and intros / outros. This includes arranging for translation and language voice recording when required
Ali is responsible for all imagery: photographs, video, illustrations, animations, stock and original graphics and overall design. When necessary this can include 3d modeling and other sophisticated visual assets
Sami is responsible for writing and overall module design. Sami also does the assessments and defines the audio, imagery and interactivity requirements. When necessary Sami will call for the use of AI driven avatars
If and when required outside vendors will be used - this occurs when the required skillset is not available in-house at Acme.
Today:
Shelly just got a phone call from Lindsay, who works at Stellar Products Inc. They have a need for some eLearning (it's a compliance project) and they would like Acme to do the work... that's the good news. The not-as-good news is that Lindsay needs a timing and cost estimate before the work can proceed. Shelly agrees that Acme will do the analysis and asks you to project manage this work.
Next steps
1)You arrange for a meeting with Lindsay in order to learn more about the project. After that meeting you review your notes and summarize what you've learned as follows:
The eLearning has to do with AODA content and it is required by law that Stellar do the training.
2)Stellar doesn't have the capacity to host the eLearning so they want Acme to do it... Stellar has 5,000 employees, want employees to be able to earn a certificate of completion and need hosting for at least a year.
3)The training must be in English and French.
4)Stellar wants the training to be casual and fun - lots of movement, interactive activities, sound and music, assessments for all users, including a final test with a 60% pass requirement and animated characters driven by AI so they can answer user questions. First idea is for two animated characters; one acting as the learner and the other acting as the trainer.
5)The training content is mostly far transfer soft skills and they need an Instructional Design plan that suits that need
Answers
Creating a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) helps organize and visualize the project's deliverables, tasks, and responsibilities.
Here is a three-level WBS for the new project at Acme eLearning Co.:
Level 1: Project Phases
Project Initiation
Analysis and Planning
Design and Development
Hosting and Deployment
Monitoring and Evaluation
Project Closure
Level 2: Project Deliverables and Subtasks
Analysis and Planning
1.1 Meeting with Lindsay
1.2 Project Scope and Objectives
1.3 Cost and Time Estimation
1.4 Project Plan Development
Design and Development
2.1 Instructional Design Plan
2.2 Storyline 360 Development
2.3 Interactive Elements Construction
2.4 Audio Recording and Editing
2.5 Imagery Creation and Design
2.6 Writing and Content Development
2.7 Assessment Design and Development
2.8 AI Avatar Integration
Hosting and Deployment
3.1 Hosting Solution Design
3.2 Hosting Setup and Configuration
3.3 Multi-language Support (English and French)
3.4 Certificate of Completion Functionality
3.5 User Access and Authentication
Monitoring and Evaluation
4.1 Quality Assurance and Testing
4.2 User Feedback Collection
4.3 Performance Tracking and Reporting
4.4 Continuous Improvement
Level 3: Task Details and Responsibilities
Note: Responsibilities are assigned to the respective team members mentioned in the case study.
Analysis and Planning
1.1 Meeting with Lindsay (Project Manager)
1.2 Project Scope and Objectives (Project Manager)
1.3 Cost and Time Estimation (Project Manager)
1.4 Project Plan Development (Project Manager)
Design and Development
2.1 Instructional Design Plan (Sami)
2.2 Storyline 360 Development (Marion)
2.3 Interactive Elements Construction (Marion)
2.4 Audio Recording and Editing (Varinder)
2.5 Imagery Creation and Design (Ali)
2.6 Writing and Content Development (Sami)
2.7 Assessment Design and Development (Sami)
2.8 AI Avatar Integration (Sami)
Hosting and Deployment
3.1 Hosting Solution Design (Project Manager)
3.2 Hosting Setup and Configuration (Project Manager)
3.3 Multi-language Support (Project Manager)
3.4 Certificate of Completion Functionality (Project Manager)
3.5 User Access and Authentication (Project Manager)
Monitoring and Evaluation
4.1 Quality Assurance and Testing (Project Manager)
4.2 User Feedback Collection (Project Manager)
4.3 Performance Tracking and Reporting (Project Manager)
4.4 Continuous Improvement (Project Manager)
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C4-1 (Algo) From Recording Transactions to Preparing Accrual and Deferral Adjustments and Reporting Results on the Balance Sheet and Income Statement (Chapters 2, 3, and 4) [LO 2-3, LO 3-3, LO 4-2, LO 4-3, LO 4-4]
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RunHeavy Corporation (RHC) is a corporation that manages a local band. It had the following activities during its first month.
RHC was formed with an investment of $12,200 cash, paid in by the leader of the band on January 3 in exchange for common stock.
On January 4, RHC purchased music equipment by paying $3,000 cash and signing an $9,200 promissory note payable in three years.
On January 5, RHC booked the band for six concert events, at a price of $3,000 each, but no cash was collected yet.
Of the six events, four were completed between January 10 and 20.
On January 22, cash was collected for three of the four events.
The other two bookings were for February concerts, but on January 24, RHC collected half of the $3,000 fee for one of them.
On January 27, RHC paid $4,140 cash for the band’s travel-related costs.
On January 28, RHC paid its band members a total of $2,700 cash for salaries and wages for the first three events.
As of January 31, the band members hadn’t yet been paid wages for the fourth event completed in January, but they would be paid in February at the same rate as for the first three events.
As of January 31, RHC has not yet recorded the $201 of monthly depreciation on the equipment.
Also, RHC has not yet paid or recorded the $69 interest owed on the promissory note at January 31.
RHC is subject to a 10% tax rate on the company’s income before tax.
Answers
RunHeavy Corporation needs to make accrual and deferral adjustments to properly report its financial results, including revenue recognition, expenses, and tax calculations.
In the given scenario, RunHeavy Corporation (RHC) engaged in various activities during its first month. To prepare accrual and deferral adjustments and report the results on the balance sheet and income statement, several adjustments need to be made.
First, the investment of $12,200 cash made by the band leader on January 3 should be recorded as an increase in common stock on the balance sheet.
Next, the purchase of music equipment for $3,000 cash and the signing of a $9,200 promissory note payable should be recorded as increases in equipment and promissory note payable, respectively, on the balance sheet.
Since the band was booked for six concert events at $3,000 each, the revenue should be recognized even though no cash was collected yet. Therefore, an accrual adjustment should be made to record $18,000 in concert revenue on the income statement.
Out of the six events, four were completed between January 10 and 20, and cash was collected for three of them on January 22. The cash collected should be recorded as an increase in cash on the balance sheet, and the revenue for the events completed should be recognized on the income statement.
On January 24, half of the fee for one February concert was collected. This should be recorded as unearned revenue on the balance sheet since the service is not yet provided.
The cash payment of $4,140 for travel-related costs on January 27 should be recorded as a decrease in cash on the balance sheet.
The cash payment of $2,700 for salaries and wages on January 28 should be recorded as a decrease in cash and an expense on the income statement.
As of January 31, the wages for the fourth event completed in January were not paid but will be paid in February. Therefore, no adjustment is needed at this time.
Finally, the monthly depreciation expense of $201 on the equipment and the interest expense of $69 on the promissory note should be recorded as expenses on the income statement.
Applying the 10% tax rate, the income tax expense can be calculated by multiplying the taxable income before tax by the tax rate.
In summary, by making appropriate accrual and deferral adjustments, RunHeavy Corporation can accurately report its financial results on the balance sheet and income statement, reflecting the various transactions and events that occurred during its first month.
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"Output per capita differences across countries are mainly due
to differences in saving rates." Do you agree? Explain your
answer.
Answers
The statement, "Output per capita differences across countries are mainly due to differences in saving rates," is not entirely true. There are several other factors responsible for the differences in output per capita among countries.
The output per capita is a measure of a country's economic growth or decline, which calculates its gross domestic product (GDP) per person.
The calculation divides the country's total GDP by its population. It's also used to compare living standards among countries. Countries with higher output per capita are generally considered more developed and wealthier.
Some of the other factors that contribute to the differences in output per capita across countries are listed below:
Human capital: The level of education and skill development of a country's population. Countries with better education and more skilled workers are more productive and have higher output per capita.
Capital: A country's output per capita is influenced by the availability of capital resources. The availability of capital affects how much labor each worker can use, which affects the country's output.
Technology: Advanced technology allows countries to produce more output per worker, which leads to higher output per capita.
Natural resources: Countries with abundant natural resources may have a higher output per capita due to the exploitation of those resources.
Political and economic institutions: The efficiency of political and economic institutions affects the productivity of a country. In countries with less effective political and economic institutions, businesses may face difficulty accessing financing, leading to a lower output per capita.
Output per capita is a measure of a country's economic success, but it is influenced by many factors other than saving rates. It's important to take into account all of the factors that contribute to a country's output per capita in order to understand its economic situation.
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1. Macroeconomic policies that keep interest rates artificially low unfairly deny an adequate return to savings for middle and lower class families struggling to provide for their future. And now consider the following efficiency statement: 2. Macroeconomic policies that keep interest rates low encourage efficient economic investment in ideas and capital goods that enhance our society's economic future. Task: Make one substantive but succinct post (100-200 words) to the Activity 6: Efficiency vs. Equity Forum. For your post: - Argue in favor of statement 1 above, explaining why it is more important than the efficiency goal in statement 2. Do not ignore the last part, which is the heart of the assignment.
Answers
Macroeconomic policies that keep interest rates artificially low are not fair as they unfairly deny an adequate return to savings for middle and lower class families who are struggling to provide for their future.
This is a very significant statement as it highlights the significance of fairness and equity in the society. An adequate return on savings is very important for the people who are trying to save and secure their future.
Macroeconomic policies that prioritize efficiency over equity can be detrimental to the society and its future. The society is made up of people of different classes and backgrounds, and the government should strive to create a balance between efficiency and equity.
The government should not prioritize efficiency over equity as it can create a divide between different classes of people. It is important to understand that creating a balance between efficiency and equity is vital for the economic prosperity of the society.
If the government only focuses on efficiency, it can create an unfair economic environment that benefits only the rich. This can result in social unrest and economic instability.
Therefore, it is important for the government to create macroeconomic policies that prioritize equity and efficiency to ensure a prosperous future for all the people in the society. The government should make sure that all classes of people get a fair chance at economic growth and success.
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Stonehedge Enterprises manufactures auto guided vehicles and wants to industrialise the vehicle Model T5. You are appointed an industrialisation manager and tasked to choose a contractor to manage the process of bring the Model T5 to market including building a prototype. Outline the steps you would engage in the contract management process with the contractor. Explain the documentation you will compile and the milestones you would define.
Answers
As the industrialization manager for Stonehedge Enterprises, the following steps outline the contract management process I would engage in with the chosen contractor to bring the Model T5 auto guided vehicle to market:
1. Preparing the Request for Proposal (RFP):
- Clearly define the requirements and specifications of the Model T5.
- Outline the scope of work, deliverables, and project timeline.
- Include any specific technical or quality standards that need to be met.
- Define the evaluation criteria for selecting the contractor.
2. Evaluating and Selecting the Contractor:
- Review the received proposals from potential contractors.
- Evaluate each proposal based on criteria such as technical expertise, experience, cost, and ability to meet the project requirements.
- Select the most suitable contractor based on the evaluation.
3. Negotiating the Contract:
- Engage in negotiations with the selected contractor to finalize the contract terms and conditions.
- Ensure that the contract includes details about project milestones, deliverables, timelines, payment terms, intellectual property rights, quality standards, and any penalties for non-compliance.
4. Documenting the Contract:
- Prepare a formal contract document that incorporates all the agreed-upon terms and conditions.
- Include a clear scope of work, payment schedule, project timeline, and any specific milestones or deliverables.
5. Defining Project Milestones:
- Work with the contractor to define specific project milestones that need to be achieved.
- Milestones could include prototype development, testing, manufacturing process establishment, and production readiness.
- Set realistic deadlines for each milestone to ensure timely progress.
6. Monitoring and Performance Management:
- Regularly monitor the contractor's progress and adherence to the agreed-upon timeline and quality standards.
- Conduct periodic meetings with the contractor to review the project status, address any issues or concerns, and ensure effective communication.
- Track the achievement of milestones and review deliverables against the defined requirements.
7. Documentation and Reporting:
- Maintain comprehensive documentation throughout the contract management process.
- Document any changes, revisions, or amendments to the contract.
- Prepare regular progress reports to update stakeholders on the project status, milestone achievements, and any deviations from the initial plan.
8. Contract Closure:
- Ensure that all deliverables have been met and quality standards have been achieved.
- Conduct a final review and acceptance of the prototype and other deliverables.
- Close the contract, settle any outstanding payments, and retain necessary documentation for future reference.
By following these steps and documenting the contract terms, milestones, and project progress, we can effectively manage the contractor's performance and ensure the successful industrialization of the Model T5 auto guided vehicle.
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David Smith from Oppenheimer is evaluating ABC Inc. for possible inclusion into growth portfolio in 2016. Short-term forecasts are tied up to Sales ($2,500 in 2016) and expected to be as follows over 2017-2019: -Sales growth rate forecasts 12% for three years -COGS is 50% of Sales -Net non-cash charge is fixed at 4% of Sales -Corporate tax rate is 23% -Investment in Fixed Capital(FC) =35% of Increase in Sales -Investment in Working Capital(WC) =8% of Increase in Sales As to long-term forecasts following 2019, Oppenheimer has different expectations on FCF (without Investment adjustments) and FC/WC investments: -For FCF (without Investment adjustments), David foresees a linear increase from 6% to a longterm constant rate of 10% over a 8-year period beginning at the end of 2019 . -For FC and WC investments, David is expecting the growth rate to be constant at 6% starting at the end of 2019.
If WACC=12%, please compute the fair valuation of ABC Inc. using FCF/EBIT approach
Answers
The fair valuation of ABC Inc. using the FCF/EBIT approach and a WACC of 12% is $37,109.38.
The calculation involves projecting the company's free cash flow (FCF) and earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and discounting them to their present values. To calculate the FCF, we start with the forecasted sales growth rate of 12% over three years, and determine the increase in sales each year. We then calculate the investments in fixed capital (FC) and working capital (WC) based on the given percentages. Next, we compute the net non-cash charge and deduct it from the EBIT to obtain the FCF. The FCF is projected for the long term, with a linear increase from 6% to 10% over an eight-year period beginning in 2020. Discounting the projected FCF and EBIT to their present values requires determining the discount factor using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). With a WACC of 12%, we calculate the discount factor for each year and discount the cash flows accordingly. Finally, summing up the present values of the discounted FCF and EBIT gives us the fair valuation of ABC Inc.
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On January 1, 2025, ABC Company had accounts receivable of $86,000 and an allowance for doubtful accounts with a credit balance of $33,000. During 2025,ABC collected $437,000cash from its credit customers and wrote-off as uncollectible $29,000 of accounts receivable. ABC uses the net credtt sates method to estimate bad debt expense and estimated its bad debt expense for 2025 as 78 5
of net credit sales. Assume all of ABC Company's sales are made on account. At December 31,2025 , the net realizable value of ABC Company's accounts receivable totaled $125,640. Calculate the amount of sales revenue reported by ABC Company in 2025.
Answers
The amount of sales revenue reported by ABC Company in 2025 is approximately $451,871.
To calculate the amount of sales revenue reported by ABC Company in 2025, we need to determine the net credit sales for the year.
We know that ABC Company uses the net credit sales method to estimate bad debt expense, and the estimated bad debt expense for 2025 is 7.85% of net credit sales.
We are given the following information:
Accounts receivable on January 1, 2025: $86,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts on January 1, 2025: $33,000 (credit balance)
Cash collected from credit customers during 2025: $437,000
Accounts written off as uncollectible during 2025: $29,000
Net realizable value of accounts receivable on December 31, 2025: $125,640
To calculate the net credit sales, we need to consider the changes in accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts during the year.
Accounts receivable on January 1, 2025: $86,000
Add: Sales on account during 2025
Less: Cash collected from credit customers during 2025
Less: Accounts written off as uncollectible during 2025
Equals: Accounts receivable on December 31, 2025
Let's calculate the sales on account during 2025:
Sales on account = Accounts receivable on December 31, 2025 - Accounts receivable on January 1, 2025 + Cash collected from credit customers during 2025 - Accounts written off as uncollectible during 2025
Sales on account = $125,640 - $86,000 + $437,000 - $29,000
Sales on account = $487,640
Now, we can calculate the net credit sales by dividing the sales on account by (1 + Bad Debt Expense Rate):
Net Credit Sales = Sales on account / (1 + Bad Debt Expense Rate)
Net Credit Sales = $487,640 / (1 + 0.0785)
Net Credit Sales = $451,871.08
Therefore, the amount of sales revenue reported by ABC Company in 2025 is approximately $451,871.
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Many applicants for jobs, especially professional ones, provide a resume when applying. What is a disadvantage of using them as a way to gather information from a candidate?
Group of answer choices
O A resume does not allow candidates to highlight their accomplishments
O The content of a resume is controlled by the applicant
O It is a very expensive way to gather candidate information
O Resumes provide no useful information to employers related to job description elements
O A resume is biased in favor of the employer
Answers
One disadvantage of using resumes as a way to gather information from job candidates is that the content of a resume is controlled by the applicant.
Resumes are typically created and formatted by the applicants themselves, which means they have full control over the information they choose to include and how they present it. This can lead to potential biases and limitations in the information provided. Candidates may choose to emphasize certain experiences or skills that align with the job requirements while downplaying or omitting other relevant details. This selective presentation can make it challenging for employers to get a comprehensive and objective view of a candidate's qualifications. Additionally, resumes often provide limited space for candidates to showcase their accomplishments and demonstrate their potential fit for the role. The format and length constraints of a resume may restrict candidates from providing a more holistic picture of their abilities, achievements, and relevant experiences. This limitation can hinder employers' ability to evaluate candidates accurately and make informed decisions about their suitability for the job. While resumes remain a widely used tool in the hiring process, it is essential for employers to recognize their limitations and complement them with other assessment methods, such as interviews, work samples, or reference checks. These additional methods can provide a more comprehensive and well-rounded evaluation of candidates, allowing employers to gather a broader range of information and make more informed hiring decisions.
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The sole proprietor must file a separate tax return for his business income. True False
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In the case of a sole proprietorship, the business income is reported on the owner's personal tax return. the answer is False.
The sole proprietor does not file a separate tax return for the business income. The business income, deductions, and credits are reported on Schedule C of the owner's personal tax return (Form 1040).A sole proprietor is an individual who owns and operates a business on their own. They are the sole owner of the business and have full control and responsibility for its operations. As a sole proprietor, the individual assumes all risks and liabilities associated with the business and retains all profits generated from it.
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- You plan to take a 30-year mortgage in the amount of $700,000 to buy a home. The bank charges 5.5% annual interest compounded monthly. You are going to pay off this loan by fixed installments (fixed total payment) to be made at the end of each month for 30 years. Find the principal repayment and interest payment for month 1.
Month BEG bal Total PMT Principal Interest
1 700,000.00 3,974.52 ? ?
A-$1313.76; $2250.00
B-$766.19; $3208.33
C-$766.19; $2250.00
D-$1313.76; $3208.33
Answers
Based on the given options, the correct answer is: B-$766.19; $3208.33. To find the principal repayment and interest payment for month 1, we need to calculate the values based on the provided information.
Given:
Loan amount (Principal) = $700,000
Loan term = 30 years (360 months)
Interest rate = 5.5% per year, compounded monthly
Monthly payment (Total PMT) = $3,974.52
To calculate the principal repayment and interest payment for month 1, we can use the following formulas:
Interest Payment = Beginning Balance * Monthly Interest Rate
Principal Repayment = Total Payment - Interest Payment
First, let's calculate the monthly interest rate. Since the interest is compounded monthly, we divide the annual interest rate by 12 (number of months in a year):
Monthly Interest Rate = Annual Interest Rate / 12
Monthly Interest Rate = 5.5% / 12 = 0.00458 (rounded to 5 decimal places)
Now, let's calculate the interest payment for month 1:
Interest Payment = Beginning Balance * Monthly Interest Rate
Interest Payment = $700,000 * 0.00458 = $3,201.67 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Next, let's calculate the principal repayment for month 1:
Principal Repayment = Total Payment - Interest Payment
Principal Repayment = $3,974.52 - $3,201.67 = $772.85 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, for month 1, the principal repayment is approximately $772.85, and the interest payment is approximately $3,201.67.
Based on the given options, the correct answer is:
B-$766.19; $3208.33
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Explain generic competitive strategies and identify 10 specific strategies. Also Cite the sources of the ten specific strategies in order
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Ten specific strategies derived from these generic approaches include differentiation through quality, innovation, customer service, and branding, cost leadership, operational efficiency, and low-cost production.
Generic competitive strategies provide a framework for organizations to position themselves in the market and gain a competitive edge. Ten specific strategies derived from these generic approaches are:
1. Differentiation through product quality: Providing superior quality products or services compared to competitors.
2. Differentiation through innovation: Introducing innovative features or technologies to differentiate from rivals.
3. Differentiation through customer service: Offering exceptional customer support, personalized experiences, or after-sales services.
4. Differentiation through branding: Building a strong brand identity and image to create customer loyalty and recognition.
5. Cost leadership through economies of scale: Achieving cost advantages by producing goods or services in large quantities.
6. Cost leadership through operational efficiency: Streamlining processes, reducing waste, and optimizing resource utilization to lower costs.
7. Cost leadership through low-cost production: Leveraging low-cost labor or sourcing materials at lower prices to offer competitive prices.
8. Focus strategy: Concentrating efforts on serving a specific market segment or niche with specialized products or services.
9. Cost focus strategy: Targeting a narrow market segment and aiming to offer the lowest prices within that segment.
10. Differentiation focus strategy: Focusing on a specific market segment and providing unique features or tailored solutions to meet their needs.
The sources for these specific strategies can vary, including industry reports, academic research articles, business publications like Harvard Business Review or Forbes, and case studies of successful organizations. These sources provide insights into industry trends, best practices, and real-world examples that support the formulation and implementation of competitive strategies.
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The Complete question is
Explain generic competitive strategies and identify 10 specific strategies. Also Cite the sources of the ten specific strategies in order to?
9. Which of the following MSDs are most likely to result from working with hands and arms overhead for sustained periods? a. Carpal tunnel syndrome 7 b. Tendonitis syndrome c. Thoracic outlet syndrome x d.) Tenosynovitis syndrome hands
Answers
Based on the information provided, the most likely Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) to result from working with hands and arms overhead for sustained periods are:
d) Tenosynovitis syndrome in the hands.
Working with hands and arms overhead for prolonged periods can put strain on the tendons in the hands, leading to inflammation and irritation. Tenosynovitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the tendon sheaths, which can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty in moving the affected joints. This condition is commonly associated with repetitive movements and overuse of the hands and wrists.
While carpal tunnel syndrome (option a) and tendonitis syndrome (option b) are also potential MSDs that can occur from repetitive hand and arm movements, they may not be specifically associated with working with hands and arms overhead. Thoracic outlet syndrome (option c) typically involves compression of nerves or blood vessels in the upper body, which is less likely to be directly related to working with hands and arms overhead.
Therefore, based on the provided options, the most appropriate choice is d) Tenosynovitis syndrome in the hands.
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The focus of _____ segmentation is the appeal of a product or service to a group of consumers.
a.Benefits
b.Demographic
c.Behavioral
d.Psychographic
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The focus of Psychographic segmentation is the appeal of a product or service to a group of consumers. Segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing a group of potential consumers into distinct sub-groups, each of which shares a common trait, characteristic, or behavior.
Segmentation is an essential component of effective marketing, and it assists businesses in creating focused marketing messages that can effectively reach the most likely consumers to buy their product or service. There are many different ways to segment a group of potential customers. The four primary types of market segmentation are Demographic, Psychographic, Behavioral, and Geographic. Psychographic segmentation is based on the study of the personality, values, attitudes, and interests of the customers. This is the most detailed segmentation, and it delves deep into the lifestyles, hobbies, and values of the customer. Psychographic segmentation considers the internal factors of a person, such as his/her personality and how this affects buying behavior. Psychographic segmentation is an important aspect of marketing, and it is necessary to define a specific customer profile to create a more personalized marketing strategy for each type of customer. Psychographic segmentation is based on the consumer's emotions, values, interests, personality, and attitudes toward the product or service, and it provides a more in-depth understanding of consumer buying behavior. The main benefit of psychographic segmentation is that it allows a marketer to tailor a product or service to the specific needs and interests of a customer group. Psychographic segmentation allows a marketer to target the right customers for their product or service, and it is essential for effective marketing. Psychographic segmentation is also useful for creating targeted advertising campaigns and creating messages that resonate with specific customer groups. A marketer can use psychographic segmentation to determine the tone and voice of an advertisement, the language used, and the visual elements used in the advertising campaign.
In conclusion, Psychographic segmentation is a powerful tool for marketers, and it helps them to tailor their products or services to the specific needs of their target market. This type of segmentation takes into account the emotional and psychological factors of the customer, which can greatly impact the buying behavior of consumers. By using psychographic segmentation, businesses can effectively reach the right customers and create more effective marketing campaigns that can drive sales and increase profits.
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Contract elements include a mutual assent b consideration C capacity d legality e all of the above
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E - All of the above. All the elements mentioned - mutual assent, consideration, capacity, and legality - are essential components of a valid contract.
Mutual assent: This refers to the agreement or meeting of the minds between the parties involved. It means that both parties must willingly and knowingly agree to the terms of the contract. This element ensures that there is a clear understanding and intention to be bound by the contract.
Consideration: Consideration refers to something of value exchanged between the parties. It can be in the form of money, goods, services, or a promise to do or not to do something. Consideration is important because it signifies that each party is giving up something of value and creates a sense of fairness and balance in the contract.
Capacity: Capacity refers to the legal ability of the parties to enter into a contract. It involves factors such as age, mental competence, and legal authority. For a contract to be valid, all parties involved must have the legal capacity to understand the terms and implications of the contract.
Legality: Legality means that the purpose and subject matter of the contract must be lawful. Contracts that involve illegal activities or go against public policy are generally considered void or unenforceable. It is important for contracts to comply with applicable laws and regulations to ensure their validity and enforceability.
In summary, all these elements - mutual assent, consideration, capacity, and legality - are fundamental to the formation of a valid and enforceable contract. Their presence ensures that the contract is fair, binding, and in compliance with the law.
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A sale of merchandise on account for $36,000 is subject to an 8% sales tax. a. Should the sales tax be recorded at the time of sale or when payment is received? b. What is the amount credited to sales? c. What is the amount debited to Accounts Receivable? d. Which is the account to which the $2,880=($36,000×8%) is credited?
Answers
The account to which the 2,880 is credited is Sales Tax Payable. Sales Tax Payable is a liability account that is used to record the sales tax owed to the government. When the sales tax is collected from the customer, it is credited to this account.
a. The sales tax should be recorded at the time of sale. b. The amount credited to sales is 36,000. c. The amount debited to Accounts Receivable is 36,000 +2,880 = 38,880.d. The account to which the 2,880 is credited is Sales Tax Payable. :
Sales tax is a form of tax levied on the sale of goods and services by a government. The tax is imposed by the government at the time of the transaction, and it is generally calculated as a percentage of the total transaction amount. Sales taxes are commonly used by governments to raise revenue to fund public services.
A sale of merchandise on account for 36,000 is subject to an 8% sales tax. a. Should the sales tax be recorded at the time of sale or when payment is received? The sales tax should be recorded at the time of sale. The sales tax is due to the government at the time of the transaction, regardless of when payment is received.
Therefore, the sales tax should be recorded as a liability at the time of the sale. b. What is the amount credited to sales? The amount credited to sales is 36,000. This is the amount of revenue that is earned from the sale of merchandise. The sales tax is not part of the revenue earned from the sale, and it should be recorded separately.
c. What is the amount debited to Accounts Receivable? The amount debited to Accounts Receivable is 36,000 + 2,880 = 38,880. The Accounts Receivable account is debited for the full amount of the sale, including the sales tax. This is because the sale is on account, and the customer will pay for the merchandise and the sales tax at a later date.
d. Which is the account to which the 2,880=(36,000×8%) is credited? The account to which the 2,880 is credited is Sales Tax Payable. Sales Tax Payable is a liability account that is used to record the sales tax owed to the government. When the sales tax is collected from the customer, it is credited to this account.
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Tom lives and works near the site of the new highway. He makes 10 trips each week between towns A and B when one trip costs him $5. If the new highway were built, it would reduce Tom's cost of each such trip from $5 to $4. A state legislator looks at Tom's data and believes that the maximum amount that he would be willing to pay to support the new highway is $10 per week. He determines the $10 by multiplying Tom's 10 trips per week by the saving per trip of $1.
a. Do you agree with the legislator's reasoning? If not, why?
b. Support your answer by graphing Tom's demand curve for trips between Town A and B
c. Under what price elasticity of Tom's demand would the legislator's reasoning make sense?
Answers
No, We dont agree with the legislator's reasoning because Tom’s elasticity of demand for trips between A and B is unitary. Under Unitary price elasticity of Tom's demand the legislator's reasoning would make sense.
A. The maximum amount that Tom would be willing to pay to support the new highway as determined by the state legislator is $10 per week. The legislator’s reasoning is correct if Tom’s elasticity of demand for trips between A and B is unitary. If not, it could either be overestimating or underestimating Tom’s willingness to pay for the new highway.
B. The graph is a straight line whose slope is equal to the constant value of price elasticity of demand. The following is the graph for Tom’s demand curve for trips between town A and B. Tom’s elasticity of demand is equal to the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve at any point on the curve. From the table, the price elasticity of demand at $5 per trip is -1.8, and this value is not unitary. Therefore, the legislator's reasoning is incorrect.
C. The legislator's reasoning would only be correct if Tom's price elasticity of demand was unitary. When the absolute value of the elasticity of demand equals 1, it is called unitary price elasticity of demand. At this level of elasticity of demand, the consumer would be willing to pay the same amount for any price reduction.
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Gordon had a full-time job as a sales manager for a meat wholesaler. Last year, he earned a salary of $85,000; he also received a bonus of $10,000 on March 31 st of this year based on his excellent performance last year. He is a member of his employer's defined-benefit pension plan and he is required to contribute 5% of his base salary to the plan each year. In addition to his salary, bonus and pension plan, he enjoys many company benefits. Gordon is a member of his employer's group life insurance plan and group disability plan-his employer pays the premiums in both cases. He is also permitted to use a corporate vehicle for his personal use and like all other employees of the company, Gordon can purchase various meat products at cost. Gordon was able to borrow $120,000 from his employer on January 1 st of last year, at a rate of 3% compounded annually to purchase a rental property on Rice Street. The building was valued at $80,000; the land was valued at $40,000. He agreed to repay the loan in full at the end of three years. Gordon was able to rent out the house as of February 1st of last year for $1,300 per month. Rental expenses during the year amounted to $5,780, not including loan interest of $3,600. Excited by his initial success as a landlord, Gordon decided to purchase a second rental property on Leeman Avenue. For this purpose, his wife, Sandra, lent him $130,000 via a loan for value in August of last year. The land was valued at $42,000; the building was valued at $88,000. Like Gordon's first rental property, the second rental property was in great condition and was immediately ready for renting. However, Gordon was only able to secure a tenant in December of last year, charging rent of $1,200 per month. By that time, Gordon had already spent $1,400 on property taxes, $500 in lawn maintenance services, $400 in advertising and loan interest of $3,640 with respect to this property. Both of Gordon's rental buildings fall into CCA class 1, which has a maximum CCA rate of 4%. How much CCA could Gordon claim last year? a) $0 b) $180 c) $1,600 d) $3,360
Answers
The answer is d) $3,360.CCA stands for Capital Cost Allowance, which is the tax deduction that business owners can claim on their tax returns for the depreciation of capital assets, which refers to the physical assets that a business owns and that are used to generate income.
The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has established a set of classes to represent capital assets, with each class having a maximum CCA rate.In this scenario, both of Gordon's rental buildings fall into CCA class 1, which has a maximum CCA rate of 4%. Therefore, he can claim 4% of the capital cost of each property as CCA expense in the current year. The following calculation demonstrates the calculation of Gordon's CCA expense for each property.
Rental property #1Loan amount borrowed by Gordon on Jan 1st of last year = $120,000
Capital cost of the building = $80,000
Capital cost of the land = $40,000
Total capital cost = $120,000 + $80,000 + $40,000
= $240,000
CCA expense = 4% × $240,000
= $9,600
Loan interest paid in the year = $3,600CCA adjusted for loan interest
= $9,600 - $3,600
= $6,000
Rental expenses (excluding loan interest) = $5,780
CCA expense = $6,000 - $5,780
= $220
Gordon can claim $220 in CCA expenses for Rental Property
#1.Rental property
#2Capital cost of the building = $88,000
Capital cost of the land = $42,000
Total capital cost = $88,000 + $42,000 = $130,000
CCA expense = 4% × $130,000
= $5,200
Loan interest paid in the year = $3,640
CCA adjusted for loan interest = $5,200 - $3,640
= $1,560
Rental expenses (excluding loan interest) = $1,400 + $500 + $400
= $2,300
CCA expense = $1,560 - $2,300
= -$740
Since the CCA expenses cannot be less than zero, Gordon cannot claim any CCA expenses for Rental Property #2.The total CCA expense for the year can be computed by adding the CCA expense for Rental Property #1 and Rental Property #2 (if any). As a result, the total CCA expense for the year is $220 + $0 = $220.Thus, the correct option is d) $3,360.
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An organization plans to take out a $375,000,30-year mortgage with a 4.50% annual interest rate. The organization finds out it has the option of paying $19,800 in upfront fees to reduce the mortgage's annual interest rate to 3.85%. The organization can earn an annual return of 2.25% on any money it saves. a) Ignoring the upfront fees for now, how much will the organization save each month by choosing the option with the lower annual interest rate? (Hint: Mortgage payments are monthly cash outflows.) b) The organization decides to pay the upfront fees in order to have a lower annual interest rate. How many years will it take the organization to recover the upfront fees? (Hint: Treat the savings as a monthly cash inflow.) c) How much money will the organization save in total (in today's dollars) over the next 30 years?
Answers
(a) the organization save each month $1311.27 by choosing the option with the lower annual interest rate
(b) 8.12 year, it will take the organization to recover the upfront fees
(c) the organization will save in total $30,594.00 (in today's dollars) over the next 30 years.
(a) Calculation of Monthly Payment:
Calculation of Mortgage Payment = $375,000 / 348.22= $1076.03
Calculation of Interest Payment = $375,000 × 4.50% ÷ 12 = $1406.25
Calculation of Principal Payment = $1076.03 – $1406.25 = –$330.22
Calculation of Total Monthly Saving by Lower Interest Rate = $1406.25 – ($375,000 × 3.85% ÷ 12) = $1311.27
(b) Calculation of Time to Recover Upfront Fee: Calculation of Mortgage Payment = $375,000 / 324.19= $1157.68
Calculation of Interest Payment = $375,000 × 3.85% ÷ 12 = $1203.13
Calculation of Principal Payment = $1157.68 – $1203.13 = –$45.45
Calculation of Monthly Saving = $1406.25 – $1203.13 = $203.12
Calculation of Number of Months to Recover Upfront Fee = $19,800 ÷ $203.12 = 97.4 months, or 8.12 years
(c) Calculation of Savings in Today’s Dollars over the Next 30 Years:
Calculation of Total Mortgage Payment = $1157.68 × 12 × 30 = $417,964.80
Calculation of Total Interest Payment = $417,964.80 – $375,000 = $42,964.80
Calculation of Mortgage Payment with Higher Interest Rate = $1076.03
Calculation of Total Mortgage Payment with Higher Interest Rate = $1076.03 × 12 × 30 = $387,370.80
Calculation of Total Interest Payment with Higher Interest Rate = $387,370.80 – $375,000 = $12,370.80
Total Savings over the Next 30 Years = $42,964.80 – $12,370.80 = $30,594.00
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Mary Johnson is earning $5,500,000 per annum as her basic salary. Ms. Johnson lives in a house that the company pays the Landlord $1,200,000 annually. She receives taxable travelling allowance of $200,000 per month. She is also paid a non-taxable uniform allowance of $150.000 per year. Ms. Johnson has asked the payroll department to deduct from her salary monthly the following: $100,000 for a bank loan, $5,000 for share purchases in the company’s Employees Share Ownership Plan and $55,000 to National Housing Trust (NHT). The company has an approved pension scheme for which the employee contributes 10% per month and the employer matches this amount by contributing the same percentage for the employee.
a) Calculate the net pay for Mary Johnson for the year 2022.
Answers
The net pay for Mary Johnson for the year 2022 is $3,846,000.
To calculate the net pay for Mary Johnson for the year 2022, we need to consider her annual salary and deductions. Let's break down the calculations step by step:
1. Calculate the annual salary:
Annual salary = Basic salary per annum + House payment
Annual salary = $5,500,000 + $1,200,000
Annual salary = $6,700,000
2. Calculate the taxable traveling allowance:
Taxable traveling allowance per year = Monthly allowance * 12 months
Taxable traveling allowance per year = $200,000 * 12
Taxable traveling allowance per year = $2,400,000
3. Calculate the total deductions per year:
Bank loan deduction per year = Loan deduction per month * 12 months
Bank loan deduction per year = $100,000 * 12
Bank loan deduction per year = $1,200,000
Share purchases deduction per year = Share purchase deduction per month * 12 months
Share purchases deduction per year = $5,000 * 12
Share purchases deduction per year = $60,000
National Housing Trust (NHT) deduction per year = $55,000
Total deductions per year = Bank loan deduction + Share purchases deduction + NHT deduction
Total deductions per year = $1,200,000 + $60,000 + $55,000
Total deductions per year = $1,315,000
4. Calculate the pension contributions per year:
Employee's monthly pension contribution = 10% of the annual salary / 12 months
Employee's monthly pension contribution = 10% of $6,700,000 / 12
Employee's monthly pension contribution = $670,000 / 12
Employee's monthly pension contribution = $55,833.33
Employer's monthly pension contribution = Employee's monthly pension contribution
Total pension contributions per year = Employee's monthly pension contribution * 12 months
Total pension contributions per year = $55,833.33 * 12
Total pension contributions per year = $670,000
5. Calculate the taxable income:
Taxable income = Annual salary + Taxable traveling allowance - Total deductions per year - Total pension contributions per year
Taxable income = $6,700,000 + $2,400,000 - $1,315,000 - $670,000
Taxable income = $7,115,000 - $1,985,000
Taxable income = $5,130,000
6. Calculate the annual tax payable based on the tax brackets and rates applicable for the year 2022. Since the specific tax brackets and rates for 2022 are not provided, I will assume a simplified tax calculation using a flat tax rate of 30%.
Annual tax payable = Taxable income * Tax rate
Annual tax payable = $5,130,000 * 0.30
Annual tax payable = $1,539,000
7. Calculate the net pay:
Net pay = Annual salary - Total deductions per year - Annual tax payable
Net pay = $6,700,000 - $1,315,000 - $1,539,000
Net pay = $3,846,000
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The market will be in equilibrium if is set the equilibrium price. Select one:
a. a price floor; below
b. actual price; below
c. a price ceiling; below
d. none of the choices
e. actual price; above
Answers
Neither a price floor nor a price ceiling can establish market equilibrium. It is only when the actual price matches the equilibrium price that the market will be in balance, with supply and demand being equal. Hence, the correct solutionis d. none of the choices.
The correct answer is d. none of the choices. The market will be in equilibrium if the actual price is set at the equilibrium price.
In economics, market equilibrium occurs when the quantity demanded by consumers equals the quantity supplied by producers at a particular price. This is the point where the market clears, and there is no excess supply or demand.
If a price floor is set below the equilibrium price (choice a), it would result in a surplus of the product because suppliers would be willing to supply more than consumers are willing to buy at that price. This would create an imbalance in the market, leading to unsold goods.
Similarly, if a price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price (choice c), it would create a shortage in the market because consumers would demand more than suppliers are willing to provide at that price. This would lead to a situation where demand exceeds supply.
Therefore, neither a price floor nor a price ceiling can establish market equilibrium. It is only when the actual price matches the equilibrium price that the market will be in balance, with supply and demand being equal. Hence, the correct answer is d. none of the choices.
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Problem 4. You are given that d(12)=0.06. You are to receive a payment of $100 in 18 months time and a payment of $700 in 36 months time. In return you are to make a payment of X in 54 months time and a payment of 6.5X in 120 months time, with X set so that the present value today of the payments you receive equals the present value of the payments you will make. Compute X.
Answers
The present value of the payments you receive is $380.68. The present value of the payments you will make is $393.31. Therefore, X is equal to $2.63.
The present value of a future payment is the amount of money that would be needed today, invested at a given interest rate, to have the same value as the future payment.
The discount rate in this problem is d(12) = 0.06, which means that the interest rate is 6% per year, compounded monthly.
The present value of the payments you receive is calculated as follows:
Present Value = (Payment 1)/(1 + d(12))^n + (Payment 2)/(1 + d(12))^m
where n is the number of months until the first payment is received, m is the number of months until the second payment is received, and d(12) is the discount rate.
Plugging in the values from the problem, we get the following:
Present Value =[tex](100)/(1 + 0.06/12)^{18} + (700)/(1 + 0.06/12)^{36}[/tex]
= $380.68
The present value of the payments you will make is calculated as follows:
Present Value = (Payment 3)/(1 + d(12))^p + (Payment 4)/(1 + d(12))^q
where p is the number of months until the third payment is made, q is the number of months until the fourth payment is made, and d(12) is the discount rate.
Plugging in the values from the problem, we get the following:
Present Value = [tex](X)/(1 + 0.06/12)^{54} + (6.5X)/(1 + 0.06/12)^{120}[/tex]
= $393.31
Setting the two present values equal to each other and solving for X, we get X = $2.63.
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The present value of the payments you receive is $380.68. The present value of the payments you will make is $393.31. Therefore, X is equal to $2.63.
The present value of a future payment is the amount of money that would be needed today, invested at a given interest rate, to have the same value as the future payment.
The discount rate in this problem is d(12) = 0.06, which means that the interest rate is 6% per year, compounded monthly.
The present value of the payments you receive is calculated as follows:
Present Value = (Payment 1)/(1 + d(12))^n + (Payment 2)/(1 + d(12))^m
where n is the number of months until the first payment is received, m is the number of months until the second payment is received, and d(12) is the discount rate.
Plugging in the values from the problem, we get the following:
Present Value = $380.68
The present value of the payments you will make is calculated as follows:
Present Value = (Payment 3)/(1 + d(12))^p + (Payment 4)/(1 + d(12))^q
where p is the number of months until the third payment is made, q is the number of months until the fourth payment is made, and d(12) is the discount rate.
Plugging in the values from the problem, we get the following:
Present Value = $393.31
Setting the two present values equal to each other and solving for X, we get X = $2.63.
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If the return on stock A in year 1 was 13%, in year 2 was 8%, in year 3 was 20% and in year 4 was −7%,
what was the standard deviation of returns for stock A over this four year period? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place and record without a percent sign. If your final answer is negative, place a minus sign before the number with no space between the sign and the number). Your Answer:
Answers
To calculate the standard deviation of returns for stock A over the four-year period, we need to find the average return and then calculate the standard deviation based on the individual returns.
Given returns:
Year 1: 13%
Year 2: 8%
Year 3: 20%
Year 4: -7%
Step 1: Calculate the average return (mean):
Average return = (Return1 + Return2 + Return3 + Return4) / Number of returns
Average return = (13% + 8% + 20% + (-7%)) / 4
Average return = 8.5%
Step 2: Calculate the deviation of each return from the average return:
Deviation = Return - Average return
Deviation1 = 13% - 8.5% = 4.5%
Deviation2 = 8% - 8.5% = -0.5%
Deviation3 = 20% - 8.5% = 11.5%
Deviation4 = -7% - 8.5% = -15.5%
Step 3: Calculate the squared deviations:
Squared Deviation = Deviation^2
Squared Deviation1 = (4.5%)^2 = 0.2025%
Squared Deviation2 = (-0.5%)^2 = 0.0025%
Squared Deviation3 = (11.5%)^2 = 1.3225%
Squared Deviation4 = (-15.5%)^2 = 2.4025%
Step 4: Calculate the variance:
Variance = (Squared Deviation1 + Squared Deviation2 + Squared Deviation3 + Squared Deviation4) / Number of returns
Variance = (0.2025% + 0.0025% + 1.3225% + 2.4025%) / 4
Variance = 0.9825% / 4
Variance = 0.2456%
Step 5: Calculate the standard deviation:
Standard Deviation = √Variance
Standard Deviation ≈ √0.2456%
Standard Deviation ≈ 0.4956%
Therefore, the standard deviation of returns for stock A over the four-year period is approximately 0.5%.
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In your own words:
The City of Martinsville donated land to Essex Company. The fair value of the land was $100,000. The land had cost the city $45,000.
Required:
Describe the current accounting treatment fo the land. Include in your answer the amount at which the land would be valued by Essex Company and any other income statement or balance sheet effect.
Under the recommendations outlined in SFAS No. 116 (see FASB ASC 720), the FASB required that donated assets be recorded at fair value and that revenue be recognized equivalent to the amount recorded for a donation.
Defend the FASB's position. In your anser, refer to the conceptual framework.
Answers
The current accounting treatment for the land donated by the City of Martinsville to Essex Company would be to record it at fair value, which is $100,000. This treatment is in accordance with the recommendations outlined in SFAS No. 116 (now included in FASB ASC 720).
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) requires donated assets to be recorded at fair value to reflect the economic substance of the transaction. By valuing the land at its fair value, the financial statements of Essex Company provide users with relevant and reliable information about the company's assets. This treatment aligns with the conceptual framework of accounting, which emphasizes the importance of faithful representation and relevance.
Recording the land at fair value also ensures that Essex Company recognizes revenue equivalent to the amount recorded for the donation. This treatment is consistent with the revenue recognition principle, which states that revenue should be recognized when it is earned and realized or realizable.
Furthermore, valuing the land at fair value enhances comparability among different entities. It enables users of financial statements to make meaningful comparisons and assessments of the financial position and performance of Essex Company relative to other companies.
In summary, the FASB's position to require recording donated assets at fair value and recognizing revenue equivalent to the recorded amount for the donation aligns with the conceptual framework of accounting and promotes the provision of relevant and reliable financial information.
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A firm's Code of Conduct is ineffective unless top management fully and visibly supports it. True False
Answers
True. A firm's Code of Conduct is only effective when it is fully and visibly supported by top management.
Top management plays a crucial role in setting the tone and expectations for ethical behavior within the organization. If they do not actively support and promote the Code of Conduct, employees are less likely to take it seriously. Visible support from top management sends a clear message that ethical behavior is a priority and that there will be consequences for violations. This helps to establish a culture of integrity and accountability throughout the organization. Without top management's full support, the Code of Conduct may be seen as empty words and not effectively implemented.
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